Blood Pressure Drugs Lower Heart Risk No Matter When You Start Them

CHICAGO (AP) — Two big studies offer good news to people with high blood pressure, finding that novel ways to use cheap drugs already on the market can lower their risk of heart attacks, stroke and death — even if they are very old.

Both studies were stopped early so the surprising benefits could be made known. Doctors presented results March 31 at an American College of Cardiology conference in Chicago.

“It is never too late to start” on blood pressure drugs, said Dr Nigel Beckett of Imperial College in London, who led one study in the elderly that also was published online by the New England Journal of Medicine.

More than 70 million Americans have high blood pressure — readings of 140 over 90 or more — and only a third have it well controlled by medicines. Guidelines advise starting on one, usually a “water pill,” and adding others as needed.

With each new medication, “You get more pills, more copays,” said Dr Kenneth Jamerson of the University of Michigan. “Our idea is, if you have to add on, why not do two right off the bat” in a single pill.

He led a study testing a single daily pill combining a diuretic and the ACE inhibitor benazepril versus a daily pill containing benazepril and a calcium channel blocker, amlodipine. ACE inhibitors dilate blood vessels to lower pressure. Calcium channel blockers do the same in a different way.

A total of 11,462 people in the United States and Nordic countries were given one combo or the other. Their average age was 68, and besides high blood pressure they were obese, had diabetes, or other health problems.

Neither they nor their doctors knew which drugs they were taking until the study was stopped in October after it was clear that people on the ACE-calcium blocker combo were doing better.

Those people had about 15 percent fewer heart-related problems or strokes — 531 among the 5,721 in this group versus 653 events among the 5,741 others, Dr Jamerson said.

Six months of treatment with either combo brought blood pressure to an acceptable range for 73 percent of patients.

The study was paid for by Novartis, which sells Lotrel, the combo that proved better, and Dr Jamerson consults for the company. The drugs are all sold as generics, although the doses in some require two pills a day instead of one.

The findings could shape treatment guidelines due to be reviewed in a few months, said Dr Daniel Jones, a University of Mississippi blood pressure specialist and president of the American Heart Association.

Doctors can start with a combination, but few do, partly for lack of evidence, he said.

Guidelines also may change to reflect a second study that found dramatic benefits for treating people in their 80s, an age when blood pressure drugs were not known to be safe or effective.

“The over-80s are the most rapidly expanding segment of our population,” and the prevalence of blood pressure rises as people age, Dr Beckett noted.

His study assigned 3,845 older people in Europe, China, and several other countries to take the diuretic or dummy pills plus the ACE inhibitor perindopril as needed to reach a goal of 150/80 from an average starting pressure of 173/91.

The study was stopped last July after monitors saw that those on the diuretic had 39 percent fewer fatal strokes and 21 percent fewer deaths from any cause — benefits far exceeding what researchers predicted.

Dr Jones called it one of the most important studies at the cardiology meeting and a key advance for older people. The study did not include frail older people in nursing homes, who might reap less benefit than healthier people, doctors noted.

Also at the conference:

*The diabetes drug Actos shrunk artery buildups that can lead to heart disease when tested against glimepiride, an older diabetes drug, in a study of 360 diabetics led by Cleveland Clinic cardiologist Steven Nissen.

“This is the first time in which a diabetes therapy has been shown to slow or prevent” heart disease, he said. Results were published online by the Journal of the American Medical Association.

*A combined analysis of six studies on Celebrex, the only COX-2 inhibitor painkiller still on the market since the withdrawal of Vioxx, gives reassurance of the drug’s relative safety for people who do not have big heart disease risk factors when they start taking the drug.

It tested doses used by people with rheumatoid arthritis and other severe chronic pain — roughly double the levels used by people with more common osteoarthritis.

The federally funded study was published in the journal Circulation.

“It gives me some comfort” about the safety of Celebrex, said Dr Nissen, who is leading a larger study of the Pfizer Inc (PFE) drug and other painkillers.