Newtown Health District Director Donna Culbert is growing more concerned by the day as a measles outbreak continues to sicken more residents in neighboring New York.

According to the latest report released April 15, US measles cases continued to surge and were on pace to set a record for most illnesses in 25 years. Health officials said 555 measles cases have been confirmed so far this year, up from 465 as of a week ago.

While at least 20 states have reported cases, New York has been the epicenter. Nearly two-thirds of all cases have been in New York, and 85 percent of the latest week’s cases came from the state.

Most of the New York cases have been unvaccinated people in Orthodox Jewish communities.

As of April 12, the Connecticut Department of Public Health had confirmed a third case of measles in Connecticut for 2019 in an adult from New Haven County. Information received by the Connecticut Department of Public Health indicates that the case contracted measles after being exposed during the last week of March while on a visit to Brooklyn, N.Y., and is linked to an ongoing outbreak of measles in New York City.

The latest case of measles is not related to two previously confirmed cases in Connecticut reported in January.

“We are monitoring and investigating this case very closely, including working with our local health departments to follow up with any individuals that may have been exposed to measles,” said Connecticut DPH Commissioner Renée D. Coleman-Mitchell. “Science tells us that the single best thing anyone can do to protect themselves from this highly contagious virus is to get vaccinated. Connecticut has very high vaccination rates, so we are at low risk for a widespread measles outbreak. If you have a fever and a rash and you think you might have measles, you should avoid public settings and call your healthcare provider before going directly to a healthcare facility so steps can be taken to avoid possibly exposing others.”

Here in Newtown, Ms Culbert concurs.

“The choice to vaccinate is bigger than any individual,” Ms Culbert said as she learned about the latest outbreak stats. “The potential for someone with measles to infect others who may be too young to be vaccinated, or who may be compromised by a health condition that prevents them from being vaccinated is great. Being conscious of this bigger picture is critical in the world we’re living in right now.”

The latest case of measles in Connecticut had rash onset on April 11. The infectious period for this individual is between April 7-12, and the case was isolated as of April 12, the state DPH said in a release.

The average incubation period of measles (from contact with a case until onset of rash) is 14 days, with a range of seven to 21 days. Cases are considered infectious from four days before rash onset through four days after.

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) is working with local health departments and healthcare providers to identify and inform identified contacts of the case. It is possible that secondary cases of measles among some of these contacts may occur, especially among those who have never been vaccinated for measles.

Fortunately, the majority of people exposed to measles in Connecticut are not at risk of developing the disease since most people have either been vaccinated or have had measles in the past, before vaccination became routine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends all children get two doses of Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12 through 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age.

One dose of measles vaccine is about 93 percent effective at preventing measles if exposed to the virus. Two doses are about 97 percent effective.

Measles vaccine does not cause measles illness.

Adults should have at least one dose of MMR vaccine. Certain groups need two doses of MMR, including college students, healthcare workers, international travelers, and persons at high risk for measles complications.

Adults born in the US before 1957 are considered immune to measles from past exposures, but in situations where exposure to measles is likely, these adults may benefit from an additional dose of MMR vaccine. Individuals who are unsure of their vaccination status are encouraged to check with their physician.

A typical case of measles begins with mild to moderate fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes (conjunctivitis), and sore throat. Three to five days after the start of these symptoms, a red or reddish-brown rash appears, usually starting on a person’s face at the hairline and spreading downward to the entire body.

At the time the rash appears, a person’s fever may spike to more than 104 degrees Fahrenheit. The rash typically lasts at least a few days and then disappears in the same order.

From January 1 to April 4, 2019, cases of measles had been confirmed in 19 states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, and Washington. In 2018, three cases of measles were reported in Connecticut.

The 2019 tally of measles cases is already the most since 2014, when 667 were reported. The most before that was 963 cases in 1994.

For more information about measles, visit [naviga:u]cdc.gov/measles[/naviga:u].

Associated Press content was used in this report.